Ejercicios de condicionales en inglés

Los condicionales en inglés son estructuras gramaticales esenciales para expresar hipótesis, situaciones imaginarias y consecuencias futuras. En este artículo, aprenderás los diferentes tipos de condicionales en inglés, sus reglas, ejemplos y una serie de ejercicios prácticos para consolidar tu aprendizaje.

¿Qué son los condicionales en inglés?

Los condicionales son estructuras utilizadas para hablar de situaciones que dependen de una condición. En inglés, existen cuatro tipos principales de condicionales: el condicional cero, el condicional tipo 1, el condicional tipo 2 y el condicional tipo 3. Además, hay estructuras mixtas y condicionales alternativos.

Tipos de condicionales en inglés

1. Condicional Cero (Zero Conditional)

Se usa para expresar verdades universales, hechos científicos o reglas generales. La estructura es:

• Si + presente simple, presente simple

Ejemplo: If you heat water to 100°C, it boils. (Si calientas agua a 100°C, hierve.)

Ejercicios de condicional cero

1. If you ______ (touch) fire, you ______ (burn).
2. If you ______ (mix) red and blue, you ______ (get) purple.
3. Water ______ (freeze) if the temperature ______ (go) below 0°C.
4. If you ______ (leave) milk out, it ______ (spoil).
5. If you ______ (not water) a plant, it ______ (die).
6. Metal ______ (expand) if it ______ (get) hot.
7. If the sun ______ (set), it ______ (get) dark.
8. Ice ______ (melt) if you ______ (heat) it.
9. If you ______ (press) the button, the machine ______ (start).
10. If babies ______ (be) hungry, they ______ (cry).

2. Primer Condicional (First Conditional)

Se usa para situaciones reales o posibles en el futuro. La estructura es:

• Si + presente simple, will + verbo base

Ejemplo: If you study hard, you will pass the exam. (Si estudias mucho, aprobarás el examen.)

Ejercicios de primer condicional

1. If you ______ (not study), you ______ (fail) the exam.
2. If it ______ (rain), we ______ (stay) at home.
3. If she ______ (eat) too much, she ______ (feel) sick.
4. If they ______ (win) the lottery, they ______ (travel) around the world.
5. If we ______ (leave) now, we ______ (arrive) on time.
6. If you ______ (help) me, I ______ (finish) faster.
7. If he ______ (not hurry), he ______ (miss) the bus.
8. If she ______ (practise) every day, she ______ (become) a great singer.
9. If you ______ (drink) coffee at night, you ______ (not sleep).
10. If they ______ (not wear) a coat, they ______ (get) cold.

3. Segundo Condicional (Second Conditional)

Se usa para situaciones hipotéticas o improbables en el presente o futuro. La estructura es:

• Si + pasado simple, would + verbo base

Ejemplo: If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. (Si ganara la lotería, viajaría por el mundo.)

Ejercicios de segundo condicional

1. If I ______ (be) you, I ______ (not do) that.
2. If she ______ (have) more time, she ______ (learn) to play the piano.
3. If they ______ (know) the truth, they ______ (be) shocked.
4. If he ______ (win) the lottery, he ______ (buy) a new car.
5. If we ______ (move) to Spain, we ______ (learn) Spanish.
6. If she ______ (be) taller, she ______ (play) basketball.
7. If I ______ (have) wings, I ______ (fly) to school.
8. If he ______ (train) more, he ______ (become) a champion.
9. If they ______ (find) a treasure, they ______ (keep) it.
10. If you ______ (speak) French, we ______ (go) to Paris.

4. Tercer Condicional (Third Conditional)

Se usa para hablar de situaciones hipotéticas en el pasado y sus consecuencias. La estructura es:

• Si + pasado perfecto, would have + participio pasado

Ejemplo: If you had studied, you would have passed the test. (Si hubieras estudiado, habrías aprobado el examen.)

Ejercicios de tercer condicional

1. If I ______ (study) harder, I ______ (pass) the exam.
2. If she ______ (leave) earlier, she ______ (catch) the train.
3. If they ______ (save) more money, they ______ (buy) a house.
4. If he ______ (listen) to me, he ______ (avoid) the mistake.
5. If we ______ (arrive) on time, we ______ (see) the entire movie.
6. If you ______ (call) me, I ______ (help) you.
7. If she ______ (work) harder, she ______ (get) the promotion.
8. If he ______ (train) more, he ______ (win) the race.
9. If they ______ (take) an umbrella, they ______ (not get) wet.
10. If you ______ (lock) the door, no one ______ (break in).

5. Condicional Mixto (Mixed Conditional)

Los condicionales mixtos combinan tiempos verbales diferentes en la oración condicional y la principal. Se utilizan para situaciones en las que la condición y la consecuencia están en diferentes momentos temporales.

• Si + pasado perfecto, would + verbo base (presente o futuro)

Ejemplo: If I had studied, I would be successful now. (Si hubiera estudiado, ahora sería exitoso.)

Ejercicios de condicional mixto

1. If he ______ (be) more careful, he ______ (not be) in trouble now.
2. If they ______ (invest) in real estate, they ______ (have) a fortune now.
3. If she ______ (take) the job, she ______ (be) the manager today.
4. If we ______ (not miss) the bus, we ______ (be) there now.
5. If I ______ (not forget) my umbrella, I ______ (not be) wet now.
6. If she ______ (study) harder, she ______ (be) a doctor today.
7. If he ______ (listen) to advice, he ______ (be) successful now.
8. If they ______ (buy) that stock, they ______ (be) rich today.
9. If I ______ (practice) more, I ______ (be) a better musician now.
10. If we ______ (not get lost), we ______ (be) there already.

Ejercicio: Encuentra el error

Las siguientes oraciones contienen errores gramaticales. Identifica y corrige los errores.

• If I will see her, I tell her the news.
• If he would be taller, he could be a basketball player.
• If you will eat too much, you will get sick.
• If she had study harder, she would pass the test.

Preguntas frecuentes

¿Cuántos tipos de condicionales existen en inglés?

Existen cuatro tipos principales: cero, primero, segundo y tercero, además de estructuras mixtas.

¿Puedo usar «should» o «could» en los condicionales?

Sí, «should», «could» y «might» pueden sustituir «would» en el segundo y tercer condicional para expresar diferentes grados de posibilidad.

¿Cuál es la diferencia entre los condicionales mixtos y los condicionales regulares?

Los condicionales mixtos combinan tiempos verbales distintos en la cláusula condicional y en la principal, mientras que los regulares siguen una estructura fija.

Soluciones a los ejercicios

Ejercicios de condicional cero: Soluciones

1. If you touch fire, you burn.
2. If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
3. Water freezes if the temperature goes below 0°C.
4. If you leave milk out, it spoils.
5. If you do not water a plant, it dies.
6. Metal expands if it gets hot.
7. If the sun sets, it gets dark.
8. Ice melts if you heat it.
9. If you press the button, the machine starts.
10. If babies are hungry, they cry.

Ejercicios de primer condicional: Soluciones

1. If you do not study, you will fail the exam.
2. If it rains, we will stay at home.
3. If she eats too much, she will feel sick.
4. If they win the lottery, they will travel around the world.
5. If we leave now, we will arrive on time.
6. If you help me, I will finish faster.
7. If he does not hurry, he will miss the bus.
8. If she practices every day, she will become a great singer.
9. If you drink coffee at night, you will not sleep.
10. If they do not wear a coat, they will get cold.

Ejercicios de segundo condicional: Soluciones

1. If I were you, I would not do that.
2. If she had more time, she would learn to play the piano.
3. If they knew the truth, they would be shocked.
4. If he won the lottery, he would buy a new car.
5. If we moved to Spain, we would learn Spanish.
6. If she were taller, she would play basketball.
7. If I had wings, I would fly to school.
8. If he trained more, he would become a champion.
9. If they found a treasure, they would keep it.
10. If you spoke French, we would go to Paris.

Ejercicios de tercer condicional: Soluciones

1. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
2. If she had left earlier, she would have caught the train.
3. If they had saved more money, they would have bought a house.
4. If he had listened to me, he would have avoided the mistake.
5. If we had arrived on time, we would have seen the entire movie.
6. If you had called me, I would have helped you.
7. If she had worked harder, she would have gotten the promotion.
8. If he had trained more, he would have won the race.
9. If they had taken an umbrella, they would not have gotten wet.
10. If you had locked the door, no one would have broken in.

Ejercicios de condicionales mixtos: Soluciones

1. If he had been more careful, he would not be in trouble now.
2. If they had invested in real estate, they would have a fortune now.
3. If she had taken the job, she would be the manager today.
4. If we had not missed the bus, we would be there now.
5. If I had not forgotten my umbrella, I would not be wet now.
6. If she had studied harder, she would be a doctor today.
7. If he had listened to advice, he would be successful now.
8. If they had bought that stock, they would be rich today.
9. If I had practiced more, I would be a better musician now.
10. If we had not gotten lost, we would be there already.

Ejercicio: Encuentra el error – Soluciones

• If I see her, I will tell her the news.
• If he were taller, he could be a basketball player.
• If you eat too much, you will get sick.
• If she had studied harder, she would have passed the test.